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标签：跟我学,初级,情景教学,杨澜,英语
1.如何表述完成的事情
2.如何表述要做的事情
1. 现在完成时是本课的一个重点。现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，动作已经结束，但效果与现在有关。讲话人的意图在于说明现在的情况。如：
现在完成时由助动词have和动词的过去分词构成，其用法可细分如下：
a) 表示刚刚做完或还没有做完的事，如：
What have you done today? 你今天做了什么?
I've typed a lot of letters. 我打了好多信。
Has Mr. Davis telephoned? 戴维斯先生有没有打电话来?
b) 表示一件已经发生的事，这件事往往与现在的情况有联系。如：
He has lost his key. 他的钥匙丢了(现在进不去了)。
How long have you been a secretary? 你做秘书多久了? (现在还是吗?)
c) 表示一直延续下来，至今还继续的情况，如：
You've lived in London since November. 你从11月起就一直住在伦敦。(现在还在伦敦)
I've been busy. 我一直在忙。(没有停过)
2. 有一些副词的时间观念和现在完成时相仿，它们常和现在完成时一起使用。如：
a) just 刚刚、正好，用于肯定句，如：
I've just cleaned another one. 我刚刚又洗干净一个。
I've just made it. 我刚刚做好。
b) already 已经，用于肯定句，如：
I've already been there. 我已经去过那里了。
Francis has typed 25 letters already. 弗朗西斯已经打了25封信了。
c) yet 尚未，已经，用于否定和疑问句，如：
Have you cleaned the glasses yet? 你洗完杯子了吗?
I haven't typed that one yet. 我还没打那一封呢。
d) since 自从、自……以来，如：
You've worked in London since last November. 从去年11月起你就一直在伦敦工作。
Where have you been since we met last? 我们上次见面后你去哪里了?
3. boss 是“老板、上司”，不同范围里的直接上司都可以称boss。现代企业中的具体职务有：
chairman 董事长
president总裁
CEO (chief executive officer) 首席行政官
CFO (chief financial officer) 首席财政官
4. still是副词，意思是“仍然，还”。常和一般现在时或现在进行时连用。如：
He is still at the office. 他还在上班。
I'm still cleaning the glasses. 我还在洗杯子呢。
5. He's at the office. 他在上班。
He's in his office. 他在他办公室里。
at 和 in 都是在的意思，但概念不一样，at the office是泛指办公室，意思是“在上班，在班上”；in his office是具体的办公室，是具体说他在那个地方。
6. 在现在完成时的句子中的时间状语，通常是一段笼统的时间。如：now，today，this year，this month，for ... (how long) 等等。如：
I've typed 25 letters today. 今天我已经打了25封信了。
I've been a secretary for one year. 我做秘书已经一年了。
7. ago是副词，表示“……以前”，多用来表示自现在向前回推的“以前”的某个时候。a moment ago刚才，a year ago 一年前，three months ago 三个月前，ten days ago 十天前，long ago 很久以前，not long ago 不久前，long long ago 很久很久以前。
Conversation 1: What have you done today?
Francis: Thank you. Goodbye. Hello.
Boss: What have you done today, Francis?
Francis: I've typed a lot of letters.
Boss: I want the letter to Mr. Johnson.
Francis: I've just typed it. Here you are.
Boss: And the letter to Mr. Bailey.
Francis: I haven't typed that one yet.
Boss: Has Mr. Davis telephoned?
Francis: No, not yet.
Boss: Francis, you need a new secretary.
Francis: Yes, I do. Mm, I haven't got a secretary. Jane's gone. She's got a new job. And I'm very busy. I've typed 25 letters today. Hello, Francis Matthews speaking. A Party. Yes, yes. I'll come tonight. Excuse me. I'm very busy now. Goodbye. I need a new secretary today.
Henry: Where's Francis?
Jean: He's still at the office. Where's Diana?
Henry: She's in the kitchen. She's cleaning the glasses.
Jean: Diana! Have you cleaned the glasses yet?
Diana: I've cleaned a lot. I'm still cleaning them. I've just cleaned another one.
Henry: What's happened?
Jean: What have you done, Diana?
Diana: I've broken some glasses. I always break things.
Conversation 2: I've been a secretary for one year.
Francis: Goodbye. Sorry about that. Now, you'd like to be my secretary, Miss ...er ... Mrs. ...
Miss Winter: Miss Winter.
Francis: Ah, yes. Miss Winter. So you …
Miss Winter: Yes, I'd like to be your secretary.
Francis: What work have you done?
Miss Winter: Well, I was a nurse for six years. And then I worked in a bank. But that was a few years ago. And now I'm a secretary.
Francis: How long have you been a secretary?
Miss Winter: I've been a secretary for one year. Since last August.
Francis: So you've been a secretary for one year. In London?
Miss Winter: No, I worked in Manchester for, for three months. I came to London nine months ago.
Francis: So you've worked in London since last November.
Miss Winter: Yes, that's right, Mr. Matthews.
Francis: Excuse me. ... Oh, don't worry, Miss ... ah.
Miss Winter: Winter, Mabel Winter.
Francis: You've lived in London since Novem- ber and you are not married.
Miss Winter: No. Not yet.
Francis: Excuse me. Hello, Francis Matthews here.
Jane: It's Jane here. I telephoned you a moment ago.
Francis: I've been busy.
Jane: I don't like my new job. I don't like it at all. Can I come and work for you again?
Francis: Yes, yes. Come back next week, please.
Conversation 3: I'm going to work for Francis again.
Bill: Do you like your new job, Jane?
Jane: No, I don't.
Bill: What are you going to do?
Jane: I'm going to work for Francis again. Next week. Is he here?
Bill: Who? Francis? Yes, he arrived a few minutes ago. He's coming this way.
Francis: Hello, Bill. Hello, Jane.
Jane: I've brought this for you.
Francis: Thank you.
Bill: Are you going to open it?
Francis: Yes.
Jane: I made it for you. Are you going to wear it?
Francis: Er ... yes. I'm going to wear it. But not now. I'm going to open another bottle of wine.
Raymond: I live in the next flat. When is that music going to stop?
Jean: Not yet. We're having a party. Would you like to come in?
Mary: Would you like some cake? I've just made it.
Raymond: No, thank you very much.
Francis: Would you like some wine?
Raymond: No, thanks.
Jean: Are you going to dance?
Raymond: No, thank you. I'll sit down here for a moment. I don't like parties. I prefer watching television.
对话 1: 你今天都做了什么?
弗朗西斯：谢谢。再见。大家好。
老板：弗朗西斯，你今天都做了什么?
弗朗西斯：我打了许多封信了。
老板：我要给约翰逊先生的那封信。
弗朗西斯：我刚刚打好。给您。
老板：给贝利先生的那封呢?
弗朗西斯：那封我还没有打呢。
老板：戴维斯先生来电话了吗?
弗朗西斯：没有，还没有。
老板：弗朗西斯, 你需要一位新的秘书。
弗朗西斯：是啊，我是需要。我没有秘书了。简离开了。她有了一份新工作。我非常忙。今天我打了25封信。你好，我是弗朗西斯·马修斯。聚会。好，好。我今晚上来。请原谅，我现在非常忙。再见。我今天就需要个新秘书。
亨利：弗朗西斯在哪儿?
琼：他还在上班。黛安娜在哪儿?
亨利：她在厨房。她在洗杯子。
琼：黛安娜! 杯子洗完了吗?
黛安娜：我已经洗了许多了。还在洗呢。我刚刚又洗干净了一个。
亨利：出什么事啦?
琼：你干什么啦，黛安娜?
黛安娜：我打破了几个杯子。我老是弄坏东西。
对话 2: 我当秘书有一年了。
弗朗西斯：再见。抱歉。那么，你愿意做我的秘书，你是……小姐……呃……太太。
温特小姐：温特小姐。
弗朗西斯：哦，对。温特小姐。那么，你……
温特小姐：是的，我愿意做你的秘书。
弗朗西斯：你都做过什么工作?
温特小姐：哦，我做了六年的护士。后来我在一家银行工作。但那是好几年前了。现在我是个秘书。
弗朗西斯：你做秘书有多久了?
温特小姐：我做秘书有一年了。从去年8月开始的。
弗朗西斯：这么说你做了一年的秘书了。在伦敦吗?
温特小姐：不，我在曼彻斯特工作了有、有三个月。九个月前我来伦敦的。
弗朗西斯：那，你在从去年11月就在伦敦工作了。
温特小姐：是，对，马修斯先生。
弗朗西斯：请稍等，哦，没关系了。……小姐。
温特小姐：温特。梅布尔?温特。
弗朗西斯：你从去年1 1月起就在伦敦住了，你没有结婚。
温特小姐：没有，还没有。
弗朗西斯：请稍等。你好，我是弗朗西斯·马修斯。
简：我是简。我刚给你打过电话。
弗朗西斯：我一直在忙。
简：我不喜欢我的新工作。 我一点儿也不喜欢。我能不能再来给你工作?
弗朗西斯：可以，可以。下星期回来吧。
对话 3: 我准备再去为弗朗西斯工作。
比尔：你喜欢你的新工作吗，简?
简：不，我不喜欢。
比尔：你准备怎么办呢?
简：我准备再去为弗朗西斯工作。下个星期。他在这里吗?
比尔：谁? 弗朗西斯? 对，几分钟前他刚到。他正走过来呢。
弗朗西斯：你好，比尔，你好，简。
简：我给你带了这个来了。
弗朗西斯：谢谢你。
比尔：要打开看看吗?
弗朗西斯：好的。
简：我给你做的。你会穿它吗?
弗朗西斯：噢……对。我会穿的。不过不是现在。我要再去开一瓶酒。
雷蒙德：我住在隔壁。音乐什么时候能 停啊?
琼：现在不行。我们在开晚会呢。请进来吧。
玛丽：您来点蛋糕吗? 我刚刚做的。
雷蒙德：不了，多谢。
弗朗西斯：您来点葡萄酒?
雷蒙德：不，多谢。
琼：你打算跳舞吗?
雷蒙德：不，谢谢你。我坐一会儿吧。我不喜欢晚会。我比较喜欢看电视。
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