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标签：跟我学,初级,情景教学,杨澜,英语
1.如何说明数量多少
2.如何表示模糊的数量
1. 这一课要学的是表示数量的词汇：
some和any意思都是“一些”、“几个”、“少许”。修饰可数或不可数名词均可。但肯定句中用some，否定句中用any；表示请求、期待肯定答复的疑问句用some，一般疑问句用any。如：
I want to change some money. (money 是不可数名词)
We'd like some traveller's cheques. (traveller's cheques 是可数名词)
May I have some milk? (请求，并期待同意)
Have we got any food? (一般疑问句)
Do you need any stamps? (一般疑问句)
There isn't any coffee. (否定句)
many和much意思都是“许多”。many用于可数名词，much用于不可数名词。如：
Jane's not got many tissues. 简没有很多纸巾。
We didn't bring much food. 我们没有带太多吃的。
I haven't got much luggage. 我没有太多行李。
That's not very much luggage. 那些行李不是很多。
a lot of 意思是“大量”、“许多”，它用来强调“很多”。可用于修饰可数和不可数名词。多用于口语。如：
We've got a lot of clothes. 我们有很多衣服。
a few和a little意思都是“少许”、“一点儿”，用来表示“少量”。a few用于可数名词，a little用于不可数名词。如：
There are only a few tissues in this box. 这个盒子里只有一点儿纸巾了。
I need a little water. 我需要一点儿水。
2. more是many和much的比较级，意思是“较多的”、“更多的”。如：
We can put more luggage in here. 我们还可以在这儿再放些行李。
We need more sugar. 我们需要更多的糖。
Would you get me more tissues? 你能给我带些纸巾吗？
3. some, any, many, much, more, a lot, a few, a little都可以用作代词，称不定代词，代表一定数量的前面说到的东西。如：
Mrs. Taylor: How much luggage have we got?
Mr. Taylor: I haven't got much, but you have got a lot.
Jane: Have we got any food?
Brian: Only a little. We need more sugar. I'll go and buy some.
4. a little和little、a few和few，在表达上是有区别的。a little和a few 表示“有一点儿”，而little和few则表示“没多少了，几乎没有”。试比较：
There's a little milk. 这里表示了肯定的观点，“有一点儿牛奶”，不多但是还有。
There's little milk. 这里表示了否定的观点，“没有多少牛奶了”，该去买了。
5. What's wrong? 和 Things go wrong. 这两句中的wrong是“出错”、“出事”的意思，是“出岔子”的意思。
6. full 满的。如：
The camp site is full. 野营地满员了。
The flight is full. 这班机满员了。
The hall is full. 大厅挤满了人。
The bag is half full. 口袋装了一半。
His schedule on Monday is full. 他星期一的日程排满了。
7. half 是“一半”。
半公斤 half a kilo，
1.5 公斤 a kilo and a half；
半小时 half an hour，
一个半小时 an hour and a half
8. kilo-是个前缀，表示“千”的意思。
kilogram千克、公斤，
kilometre千米、公里，
kilobit千比特。
通常说kilo是指kilogram
9. 许多商品均有一定的包装，于是包装也成了实用的计量单位。在英语中也是如此，尤其是不可数名词，有商品包装后就成为可数了。如：two boxes of tissues, a packet of sugar, a bottle of milk 等等。
10. jar的意思是“罐、坛、广口瓶”。如：a jar of coffee是用铁罐装的“一罐咖啡”。can是“罐头”，指罐头食品的罐，a can of peas。美国人把罐头叫can，英语把罐头叫tin，中文也叫“听”。tin原意是“镀锡铁皮、马口铁”，是做罐头的材料。
Conversation 1: We need a lot of ...
Francis: Hello. Good afternoon. Mrs. Taylor, Mr. Taylor. Where are you going on holiday this year? You usually go to ... Bournemouth.
Mrs.Taylor: And it usually rains. This year we want some sunshine.
Mr.Taylor: Yes, we're going to France and Germany ...
Mrs.Taylor: ... and Switzerland and Italy. And we need some money.
Mr.Taylor: A few French francs and a few Ger- man marks.
Mrs.Taylor: No, Henry. We need a lot of francs and marks and Italian lira.
Francis: You need traveller's cheques, Mrs. Taylor. You can change then for lira or francs or marks.
Mrs.Taylor: Good. We'd like some traveller's cheques.
Francis: And you need tickets, too. I can book your hotel for you.
Mr.Taylor: I'd like to go camping.
Mrs.Taylor: We are not going camping, Henry. We're staying in hotels. Good hotels.
Jane: I've got a cold.
Brian: I know. But you've got some tissues.
Jane: I've not got many. This box is empty.
Brian: Here's another box.
Jane: There are only a few in this box. I need more.
Brian: More? We bought five boxes yesterday.
Jane: I had a lot of tissues yesterday. I've not got many now. There are only a few in this box. I need more tissues. I'm cold and I'm wet.
Brian: Here's a towel.
Jane: That's your towel. Where's mine?
Brian: There's only one towel, I'm afraid. But we've got a lot of clothes here.
Jane: You've got a lot of clothes. Only a few of these are mine. And what's this?
Brian: Oh, it's a tent. We've brought another tent. We've brought two tents.
Jane: Two? Oh ...
Conversation 2: How much we've got?
Mrs.Taylor: How much luggage have we got?
Mr.Taylor: I haven't got much, but you've got a lot. You've got three big suitcases and three small ones and these boxes ...
Mrs.Taylor: That's not very much and this isn't full. We can put more in here. What's that?
Mr.Taylor: It's a television.
Mrs.Taylor: You won't need that!
Mr.Taylor: Well, it's mine. And I want to take it.
Mrs.Taylor: Why are you taking these umbrellas?
Mr.Taylor: Perhaps it'll rain.
Mrs.Taylor: We are having a holiday in the sun. We won't need umbrellas. Why are you taking these?
Mr.Taylor: We need to open bottles of wine. And cans of food. We'll need this can opener.
Mrs.Taylor: We'll eat in restaurants. Leave the can opener here!
Jane: Is the coffee ready?
Brian: No, there isn't any coffee, I'm afraid. The jar is empty. And there's very little milk. There's a lot of tea. You don't like tea.
Jane: How much sugar have we got?
Brian: Not much.
Jane: Have we got any food?
Brian: Only a little. We didn't bring much food. There isn't any coffee, but there's a lot of tea. Not much sugar. Only a little sugar. We need more sugar. We haven't got enough. I'll go and buy some.
Jane: Would you get me more tissues too, please? I'll stay here. I'm writing a letter.
Brian: Do you need any stamps?
Jane: No, thanks. I've got enough. Oh!
Conversation 3: A bottle of milk and a packet of sugar.
Shopkeeper: Can I help you?
Brian: Yes, please. I want some coffee, some milk and some sugar.
Shopkeeper: Here's half a kilo. Half a kilo of coffee.
Brian: No. That's too much. Have you got a smaller jar?
Shopkeeper: Is this small enough?
Brian: Yes, thank you. May I have some milk?
Shopkeeper: A bottle of milk. Is one bottle enough?
Brian: Yes.
Shopkeeper: And you'd like some sugar? A small packet? This is half a kilo.
Brian: Yes, that's enough. And I need some tissues. A big box of tissues. No, would you get me two boxes, please?
Shopkeeper: A bottle of milk, a packet of sugar. Half a kilo of sugar. And two boxes of tissues.
Mrs.Taylor: What's wrong?
Mr.Taylor: I don't know.
Mrs.Taylor: Things always go wrong on our holidays. We're 80 kilometres from Dover.
Mr.Taylor: Is there a garage near here?
Mrs.Taylor: I don't think so. What shall we do?
Mr.Taylor: Look, there's a camping site. It's only four hundred metres from here.
Mrs.Taylor: And it's full.
对话 1: 我们需要很多……
弗朗西斯：大家好。下午好，泰勒太太，泰勒先生。今年你们去哪儿度假? 你们一般是去……伯恩茅斯的。
泰勒太太：那里一般都下雨。今年我们需要晒晒 太阳。
泰勒先生：是啊，我们要去法国和德国……
泰勒太太：……还有瑞士和意大利。我们需要一些钱。
泰勒先生：一点法国法郎和一点德国马克。
泰勒太太：不，亨利，我们需要很多的法郎和马克还有意大利里拉。
弗朗西斯：你们要旅行支票好了，泰勒太太。你们可以兑换里拉或法郎或马克。
泰勒太太：好。我们就要旅行支票吧。
弗朗西斯：你们还需要机票吧。我可以为你们订旅馆。
泰勒先生：我想去野营。
泰勒太太：咱们不去野营，亨利。咱们住旅馆。好的旅馆。
简：我着凉了。
布赖恩：我知道。可你还有些纸巾呢。
简：剩的不多了。这一盒是空的。
布赖恩：给，这儿还有一盒。
简：这盒里面只有几张了。我要得还多呢。
布赖恩：还要?我们昨天买了五盒呢。
简：昨天我有很多纸巾。现在可不多了。这个盒子里只有一点儿了。我还需要。我觉得又冷又潮。
布赖恩：给你这毛巾。
简：这是你的毛巾。我的在哪里?
布赖恩：恐怕只有这一块毛巾了。可是我们有好多衣服呢。
简：你带了好多衣服，这里只有几件是我的。这是什么?
布赖恩：哦，这是帐篷。我们还有一顶帐篷。我们带了两顶帐篷。
简：两顶? 哦……
对话 2: 我们有多少?
泰勒太太：我们有多少行李?
泰勒先生：我没有多少，可你有一大堆。你有三个大箱子和三个小的，还有这些盒子。
泰勒太太：这不算多，这个还没有装满呢。还可以装更多。那是什么?
泰勒先生：是电视机。
泰勒太太：你不会需要这玩意儿的。
泰勒先生：可这是我的。我要带上。
泰勒太太：你干吗带这些伞啊?
泰勒先生：可能会下雨。
泰勒太太：我们在阳光下度假，不需要伞。你干吗带这些?
泰勒先生：我们要开酒瓶啊。还有罐头食品。我们需要这把开罐刀。
泰勒太太：我们要到餐厅吃饭。把开罐刀留在这儿!
简：咖啡好了吗?
布赖恩：没有，恐怕没有咖啡了。罐子是空的。牛奶也不多了。有好多叶。你不爱喝茶。
简：咱们还有多少糖?
布赖恩：不多了。
简：咱还有什么吃的吗?
布赖恩：只有一点儿了。我们没带多少吃的。咖啡没有了，茶倒是有好多。糖也没多少了。只有一点儿了。我们需要糖，已经不够了。我去买一些吧。
简：请你给我带些纸巾好吗? 我待在这里。我要写封信。
布赖恩：你要不要邮票?
简：不要，谢谢。邮票够了。噢！
对话 3: 一瓶奶和一包糖。
店主：要买什么吗？
布赖恩：是的。我要些咖啡、牛奶和糖。
店主：这是半公斤。半公斤咖啡。
布赖恩：不，那太多了。有没有小罐的?
店主：这够小吗?
布赖恩：好，谢谢啦。我能要点牛奶吗?
店主：一瓶奶。一瓶够吗?
布赖恩：够了。
店主：你还要糖吗? 一小包? 这是半公斤。
布赖恩：好，足够了。我还要一些纸巾。一大盒纸巾，不，请给我拿两盒。
店主：一瓶牛奶，一包糖，半公斤的。还有两盒纸巾。
泰勒太太：出什么事了?
泰勒先生：我不知道。
泰勒太太：我们度假总是出事。我们离多佛尔还有80公里呢。
泰勒先生：附近有加油站吗?
泰勒太太：我看不会有。咱们怎么办呢?
泰勒先生：瞧，这有个野营地。离这里只有400米。
泰勒太太：那儿已经满员了。
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